feat: created several scratch example files for loops and conditionals

practice/conditionals_examples.py

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+# Comparison operators: '==' equals, '!=' not equal, <, >, <=, >=, and, not
+#
+# Program moves top to bottom in order
+#
+# # Set age var
+# age = 18
+# # if age var is greater than or equal to 18, print string
+# if age >= 18:
+#    print('You are an adult')
+# # else, if age is greater than or equal to 13, print string (fires if conditional above it is not true)
+# elif age >= 13:
+#    print('You are a teen')
+# # Else (age is not greater than or equal to 13 or 18) print string (Fires if none of other conditionals are true)
+# else:
+#    print('You are a child')
+
+# Same structure, triggering elif conditional and adds formatted string
+score = 72
+if score >= 90:
+    print('A grade')
+elif score >= 80 and score <90:
+    print('B grade')
+else:
+    print(f'Your score of {score} needs improvement')

practice/loops_examples.py

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+# # Define a list of items
+# fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
+# # Loops through defined list and prints each item as var 'fruit'
+# for fruit in fruits:
+#     print(fruit)
+
+# # For loops can iterate through the built-in range function as well, this prints all numbers (0 indexed) in the range
+# for i in range(5):
+#     print(i)
+
+# # While loops iterate while a condition is true
+# # Define 'count' var
+# count = 5
+# # While count is greater than 0, the indented lines will fire
+# while count >0:
+#     # Print the current count
+#     print(count)
+#     # This is shorthand for 'count = count - 1'
+#     count -= 1
+# # When 'while' condition is no longer true, it continues to this line (This is the end of the loop)
+# print("Blast off!")
+
+# Iterate through a range
+for i in range(10):
+    # If i equals 5 'break' the loop (in this example, only iterates 0, 1, 2, 3, 4)
+    if i == 5:
+        # stops the loop with the given condition
+        break
+    # if i can be divided by 2 with a remainder of 0 (modulo(this indicates an even number))
+    if i % 2 == 0:
+        # skip even numbers in the loop
+        continue
+    print(i)

practice/while_loop_input.py

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+# # Defines 'name' var as user input
+# name = input('What is your name? ')
+# # Print welcome string formatted to repeat user input
+# print(f'Hello {name}')
+
+# import 'random' module, built-in module that creates random numbers
+import random
+# Define 'secret_number' var as a randomly assigned integer between 1 and 10
+secret_number = random.randint(1, 10)
+# Print starting message
+print('I am thinking of a number between 1 and 10')
+while True:
+    # Sets 'guess' var to user input converted to integer
+    guess = int(input('Take a guess: '))
+    # if 'guess' equals 'secret_number', prints congrats message and breaks loop
+    if guess == secret_number:
+        print('Congrats! You guessed it!')
+        break
+    # If 'guess' is less than 'secret_number', print try again message
+    elif guess < secret_number:
+        print('Too low, try again.')
+    # If no other conditions are true, print try again message
+    else:
+        print('Too high, try again.')